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One of First Crude Oil’s clients is operating a small oilfield with some gas production, the field was developed 12 years ago with focus on an easy way to develop it. The solution chosen was to tie back all wells directly to a production floater (semi sub rig) and from there into a Floating Storage Unit. Technically this was done by having production lines and umbilicals tied up to each individual well. This was a typical low cost and easy way to develop small oilfields in the 90’s.

Well, some are actually still doing it and in some cases it’s reasonable do it that way.

However, climate changes are upon us and increasing oil prices push for further developments of fields with more capacity and resources. But more than financial times have changed, climate too, if we like it or not. Some areas in the world are facing more weather, meaning a lot more stress to mooring systems, production risers and control umbilicals. Many operators have experienced costly shut in’s reducing the regularity of hydrocarbon production to critical levels, not only financially but also technical.

Back to our case study, this particular field has a potential to extend the lifetime by getting more wells online. The potential of the field is most likely 4-6 additional oil producers adding more value for the owners and operator. But, and yes, there are some buts. The export infrastructure is getting old, many components are passed the design life and cost to upgrade will increase rapidly. The other problem is how to handle up to 6 additional wells with direct connections from the wells to the floater. It’s not impossible, but it isn’t really feasible. This is where we have to think less is more, CAPEX - less equipment lower cost, OPEX - less equipment lower cost.

With up to 8 - 10 wells connected to the production infrastructure it is almost impossible to use the old system, calling for a subsea infrastructure to minimize number of lines and get a more reliable system. Our solution is to introduce a small subsea structure which can handle up to 4 wells and can be daisy chained for further extension for up to 8 or 12 wells. This system will consist of 2 subsea structures, one new dynamic umbilical, one or two subsea risers (depending on the requirement of independent well testing), subsea choke modules and a subsea control system.

Some of the challenges in this project are to interface different brands of Production Xmas trees, which have different configurations and functionality. And the new subsea control system needs to be interfaced to a topside control unit. However, these challenges are minor compared to extend the field with the old type of infrastructure.

Technically, it should be easy for our client to make this decision, but it will also be tempting to fall back to the old way of field development. However, this will only push the required change of the field architecture forward a limited time. When required to do further extensions it will not be possible with the old system.

It’s easy to see the benefits of a new system, less equipment, more reliable production system, less production shut in’s, possibility to re-use subsea equipment, low installation cost, etc…Less is more…also with regards to lifecycle services. It’s quite common to see relative small subsea components, in the range of 2-3 tons, being retrieved and installed with running tools weighing 6-10 tons…Why? It doesn’t take rocket science to design and develop subsea components to be small enough to be handled by standard workclass ROV’s, there are already several vendors supplying products in that range, it’s only a matter of using them.

What else is new? First Crude Oil Ltd has developed a low cost, low weight subsea system which will limit the number of subsea lines required. It is designed to be retrieved and refurbished and re-used at a different location, and finally it is available on a lease contract. Which is a new concept for subsea production systems, up to now the SPS hasn’t been part of Farm in agreements, but we believe it will be in the near future. And we are looking forward to discuss this with the operators.

Stay connected!
Jan Strom
First Crude Oil Ltd

First Crude Oil Ltd is an international subsea EPC provider and together with our partners we can deliver all kinds of subsea field developments.
We also assist with FEED’s, conceptual sudies, design basis etc. Just contact us on our website.
http://www.firstcrudeoil.com

Technology has changed the long commute for many Americans. In the past, it was necessary to go to an office or a job site in order to have all of the information available to you to get that particular job completed. Now, with so many things from computers, iPhone screen, iPod parts, mobile phones, and office equipment being so portable, many jobs can be done from home or from just about anywhere. Some jobs have also become almost nonexistent because of the technology advances as well, which allows people to just do it on their own. This article will talk about some of the jobs that you could do from anywhere and also the jobs that have fallen by the wayside as the technology advanced.

Anyone who does freelance type of work can do get that job done from any location and live wherever they want to live. This would apply to freelance writers who may be able to live way out in the country and communicate with their publishers via fax, phone and email and do their work sitting in a barn if they want to. Other freelance type of jobs would include: photography where they can send their digital prints on the computer or even independent consultants of some type.

Many real estate agents now only have a home office to do most of their work and when it is time to do a closing they go to the head office or the title company to use their conference room. Having to go into an office, for many seems silly especially when they are usually out and about showing properties to clients. With the help of a laptop and a blackberry phone they will be easily accessible and available whether they are at home or out showing homes. This saves the company money because they do not have to have office space for their realtors and it saves the realtors commuting time as well.

Many people in sales also do not feel the need to have an office to do their job and can do it from the comfort of their home. This is especially true for those people that do all of their marketing and selling of items online or by their own website. As long as they have internet access, they are available to communicate with customers and to take orders and answer questions. In fact, some people have a hard time breaking away from their jobs because it has become so easy to do them anywhere. This can usually be seen on vacations where a person is sitting by a resort pool typing away on their laptop or on their blackberry.

One example of a job that has been greatly reduced by technology is a travel agent. Now, many people choose to research and book their own travel plans online without any assistance of a travel agent. The easy access to do this on websites as well as the fees being charged by travel agents has almost wiped out that profession entirely.

Connor Sullivan has found the explosion of ipod parts online a positive development. He has purchased an iphone screen online for his son’s phone.

Elastography is a non-invasive medical imaging technology which ultilises the principle of the difference in the mechanical property of elasticity between normal and abnormal tissues in an organ.

Basic Principle of Elastography

The term elasticity refers to the physical property of the tissue to change shape when a mechanical force is applied and to regain the original shape when the force is withdrawn. The imaging technique is based on the basic principle that there is difference in the elastic properties in between different tissues (for example muscle is stiffer than fat) and also elasticity can change with disease (for example tumor tissue is stiffer than normal tissue and hence a more compressible lesion is mostly not malignant).

Ultrasound elastography

Most often, it is combined with ultrasonography. First a conventional ultrasonogram is taken during which the transmit high frequency sound waves through the transducer, which hits the tissue to be imaged and the image is produced based on the reflected sound waves or echos from the tissue. After this, an external mechanical compressive force is exerted over the tissue to be imaged to produce strain and the imaging of tissue is done under this strain. The image produced is called an elastogram.

Applications of Ultrasound Elastography

1. Detection of breast tumors: Can be used as next-line imaging technique when mammography detects a suspicious lesion.

2. Distinguish benign and malignant breast lesions: It increases the specificity of ultrasound by differentiating benign and breast tumors. Benign tumors reduce their size on mechanical compression while malignant tumors being stiff stays the same size or a bit larger. Thus it reduces the number of needle biopsies.

3. Detection of dermatological malignancies.

4. Can be used with endoscopic ultrasound for- differentiating between benign and malignant lymph nodes, targeting suspicious lymph nodes for fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy from multiple lymphadenopathy, differentiating suspicious pancreatic masses and taking biopsy.

5. Accurately locate prostate tumor foci, determine extent and take targeted biopsies.

6. Studies have shown that it is a potential adjunctive tool in identifying thyroid cancer especially in cytologically indeterminate nodules.

7. Cardiological applications are also under review especially regarding functioning of the cardiac muscles.

8. Identification of musculoskeletal masses.

CT and MR Elastography

Using elastography in advanced imaging technologies like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) is also studied. Researchers has already found that MRE can be used in diagnosing various liver pathologies like fibrosis, cirhosis, portal hypertension, tumors etc. It can also be used to image the kidney, spleen, stomach, bowel etc. Lung strain images using CT elastography is used in diagnosing pulmonary nodules.

Get latest updates about ultrasonography and other medical imaging techniques on MedicExchange ( http://www.medicexchange.com )

Technology has changed the long commute for many Americans. In the past, it was necessary to go to an office or a job site in order to have all of the information available to you to get that particular job completed. Now, with so many things from computers, iPhone screen, iPod parts, mobile phones, and office equipment being so portable, many jobs can be done from home or from just about anywhere. Some jobs have also become almost nonexistent because of the technology advances as well, which allows people to just do it on their own. This article will talk about some of the jobs that you could do from anywhere and also the jobs that have fallen by the wayside as the technology advanced.

Anyone who does freelance type of work can do get that job done from any location and live wherever they want to live. This would apply to freelance writers who may be able to live way out in the country and communicate with their publishers via fax, phone and email and do their work sitting in a barn if they want to. Other freelance type of jobs would include: photography where they can send their digital prints on the computer or even independent consultants of some type.

Many real estate agents now only have a home office to do most of their work and when it is time to do a closing they go to the head office or the title company to use their conference room. Having to go into an office, for many seems silly especially when they are usually out and about showing properties to clients. With the help of a laptop and a blackberry phone they will be easily accessible and available whether they are at home or out showing homes. This saves the company money because they do not have to have office space for their realtors and it saves the realtors commuting time as well.

Many people in sales also do not feel the need to have an office to do their job and can do it from the comfort of their home. This is especially true for those people that do all of their marketing and selling of items online or by their own website. As long as they have internet access, they are available to communicate with customers and to take orders and answer questions. In fact, some people have a hard time breaking away from their jobs because it has become so easy to do them anywhere. This can usually be seen on vacations where a person is sitting by a resort pool typing away on their laptop or on their blackberry.

One example of a job that has been greatly reduced by technology is a travel agent. Now, many people choose to research and book their own travel plans online without any assistance of a travel agent. The easy access to do this on websites as well as the fees being charged by travel agents has almost wiped out that profession entirely.

Connor Sullivan has found the explosion of ipod parts online a positive development. He has purchased an iphone screen online for his son’s phone.

For any restaurant, point of sale technology is important. And POS restaurant software has become an important part for many restaurants. It takes a lot of time to take orders manually and then pass it on to the kitchen. With this software, however, everything becomes as easy as the click of a button.

Touch screen menus, remote ordering, staff supervision, automated billing, and organization of customer accounts are all possible with the restaurant point of sale software. It becomes quite easy and simple to manage everything with this easy to use system. You can use point of sale systems in the kitchen, back office, and the front office. Managing and running the restaurant becomes much smoother and easier with this software. It allows you to keep track of the number of customers. Better customer services and better order management is what becomes possible with this system.

An administration software is present in the system and it includes electronic menu screens and monitors for easy order processing. A minute by minute record of the daily activity can be kept. Inventory management, stock management, security, and timekeeping are only a few of the activities that this software can indeed simplify.

The restaurant POS includes an input and output device. Touch screens and keyboards act as input devices. Electronic cash registers with printers and monitors attached to them work as input and output devices. They are located in various locations and are also connected to the main server that is located at the back office.

The POS systems control various activities in the restaurant. It is necessary to manage them very efficiently and properly. Even small retail stores and fast food joints have now installed these systems for efficient management of the point of sale. This has made it possible for them to compete with big organizations also.

Over the years, POS systems haave become cheaper. And this is why many small restaurants have also got it installed. Easy to run, simple to operate and easy to update makes them a popular option.

The POS applications are designed in such a way that you can easily install basic systems without much expertise. So there is no excuse to either start systemizing your restaurant or catering business today.

Check out the author’s latest restaurant cash register review at http://www.pointofsaleequipment.org.